Pteridophytes general characters and life cycle of ferns email. Eichler 1883 divided the plant kingdom into cryptogamia and phanerogamia. Sexual reproduction is accomplished by the release of spores, which develop. Unlike the bryophytes, these plants are in the mainstream of land plant evolution and eventually gave rise to the seed plants. Various animals use the fronds as food while birds and small creatures use the plants for cover. The pteridophytes are nonflowering, vascular and sporebearing plants including ferns and fernallies. They are psilopsida, psilotopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida, pteropsida and progymnospermopsida. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length. This fern life cycle is representative of most pteridophytes. Flora of australia, volume 48, ferns, gymnosperms and allied groups. In this lesson, well discover the characteristics, classification, and life cycle of the group pteridophyta, which includes plant species like ferns and horsetails. Ebook botany for degree pteridophyta as pdf download. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial plants and thrive well in abundant moisture and shade while some flourish well in open, dry situations especially in xeric conditions. Besides having various medicinal properties, the pteridophytes are also employed for a variety of commercial and environmental purposes.
The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 june 20. Apospory in pteridophytes pdf the investigations in pteridophytes probably of most interest and importance ing of apogamy and apospory, it is important to define these terms at the dier pdf dier pdf. Pteridophyta mcq with detailed explanation for interview, entrance and competitive exams. College, pipariya 461775, mp, india corresponding author abstract introduction the satpura range is a range of hills in central india. Classification of pteridophytes short classification of the ferns pdf. Because of these common features, their extant members have often been treated as a single entity under various terms, such as pteridophytes or ferns and fern. Haeckel 1866 called these groups of plants as pteridophytes because of their pinnate or feather like fronds leaves. Pteridophytes diversity of satpura hills balendra pratap singh and ravi upadhyay department of botany, govt. Ferns differ from seed plants in reproducing by spores and from bryophytes in. Engler 1909 included the bryophyta and pteridophyta under. Firstly, pteridophytes are the vascular plants plants having xylem and phloem that reproduces via spores. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent. Apospory in pteridophytes pdf the investigations in pteridophytes probably of most interest and importance ing of apogamy and apospory, it is important to define these terms at the skip to content trending.
As in seed plants, the greatest diversity of pteridophytes is found in the tropics, with only about six hundred species adapted for life in temperate climates. Filicales, introductions to both fossil and recent plant taxa, links. Ferns, horsetails often treated as ferns, and lycophytes clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts are all pteridophytes. Pteridophyte definition of pteridophyte by the free. Apogamy, apospory, and parthenogenesis in the pteridophytes. They dont have conducting tissues for transportation of water and minerals.
The determination of sex is pteridophytes has been a topic which has attracted the attention of plant morphologists since a very long time. Pteridophytes ferns and fern allies the plant list. Most of the pteridophytes ferns and fernallies show their luxuriant and vigorous growth during the rainy season particularly in the hilly regions usually above 1400 m altitude. The different species of selaginella are grown as the garden plants.
Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions. Problems of cytology and evolution in the pteridophyta by manton, i. The pteridophytes occupy the intermediate position in between the bryophytes on one hand and the phanerogams on the other. Pteridophytes is first in our country and i am sure, participants have grabbed the ideas from the seminar.
Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as cryptogams, meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. Instead, the water and minerals flow from the surface of the plant cell to cell in the plants body. In all pteridophytes the dominant plant is the sporophyte brown below with the gametophyte blue below shortlived. With the commencement of monsoon about mid june, the ferns and fernallies start growing vigourously and luxuriantly. Rakesh jena rated it it was ok feb 24, free pdf ebooks users guide, manuals, eingh about boany pandey jain botany book pdf download ready for download search result for singh pandey jain botany book pdf download list of ebooks and manuels about singh pandey jain botany book pdf download enter search terms. The range rises in eastern gujrat state near the arabian sea coast. The modern classification of pteridophytes have been suggested by many scientist according to the sporne1975 pteridophytes have been classified into six classes. Pteridophytes are used by the physicians in unani system of medicine uddin et al. Pteridophytes are homospory which means that they have. In this article we will discuss about the classification of pteridophytes. It is speculated that life began in the oceans, and through millions of years of evolution, life slowly adapted on to dry land. Exploring the utility of three plastid loci for biocoding the filmy ferns hymenophyllaceae of moorea. Read the introductory remarks and list of characteristics of the bryophytes p. There does not seem to be much to discuss about sexual differentiation in heterosporous forms, for in them the gametophyte arises from the microspore and the female gametophyte from the megaspore.
Pteridophytes are seedless and they procreate through spores. Publication date 1950 topics pteridophyta, karyokinesis. In addition, in pteridophytes, the gametophyte is often very thin and can be unistratose, especially at the margins yatskievych, 2003. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are epiphytes. Unlike the ferns, which are a highly successful, flourishing group, the fern allies as we call the other pteridophytes are virtually living fossils. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published melbourne code, art. Apospory in pteridophytes pdf the investigations in pteridophytes probably of most interest and importance ing of apogamy and apospory, it is important to define these terms at the search home. What are euphylls and how did they most likely evolve. Seed plants include the angiosperms, the conifers, and a smaller assortment of other plants. The most characteristic feature of the pteridophytes is the presence. Pteridophyta in the broad interpretation of the term are. The empirical basis of botanical systematics has been broadened far beyond the realm of macromorphological traits on which systematists have based their decisions for more than 200 years.
And among the first of the plants to truly live on land were the pteridophytes. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification. Before, they are in the haploid gametophyte stage which is called prothallus for a fern. In chinese system of medicine, many pteridophytes are prescribed by local doctors kimura and noro, 1965.
Pteridophytes introduction, authors and addresses, systematic list, glossary, and key to tribes. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that disperses spores. Pteridophytes may represent the closest living relatives sister group to the seed plants. Furthermore, in hymenophyllous ferns, the sporophyte is. The cryptogamia was further divided into thallophyta. The entire plant of this species is used as medicine in ayurveda, sidha and unani. Pteridophytes of moorea, french polynesia, with a new species tmesipteris gracilis.
The seminar feedback was positive and that made me more confident to be strong mind set. Ferns are vascular plants that do not produce seeds. Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. University botanyi is a comprehensive textbook for students of. The lycopodopsida clubmoss class was the first branch of the evolutionary tree. The current trends in the subject are explained in a simple, lucid and understandablewriting style. Giving awareness on importance of pteridophytes to extension forester of western region. They form a conspicuous element of the earths vegetation and are important from evolutionary point of view as they show the evolution of vascular system and reflect the emergence of. A fern polypodiopsida or polypodiophyta is a member of a group of vascular plants that.
The evolution and diversification of epiphytic ferns pdf phd thesis. The sporophyte was the dominant phase of the life cycle of these early pteridophytes. Pteridophyta is designed to fulfill the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of botany. Pteridophytes general characters ppt general characteristics, life cycle and reproduction of pteridophytes ppt what are pteridophytes. The pteridophytes ferns and fern allies pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves known as fronds, roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Ethnomedicinal uses of pteridophytes of kumaun himalaya upreti, et al. A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns. Some pteridophytes of medicinal importance from rajasthan. There are about eleven thousand different species of pteridophytes, making them the most diverse land plants. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo. They possess certain combinations of major characters which are not found in bryophytes or in phanerogams. Pteridophytes spend the largest amount of therif lifecycle in the state of the sporophyte.
Pteridophyta objective type questions pdf download. In the present article an attempt has been made to compile the information on various medicinal uses of sixteen commonly available pteridophytes of rajasthan. Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows. Observations on the inheritance of apospory and alternation of generations.
The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body. Abstract a revised list of 337 pteridophytes from political india is presented according to the six higher iucn. The first vascular plants rapidly diversified to cover the earth. They have leaves, roots, stem and sometimes trunks also. The pteridophytes spore bearing vascular plants have been around for 408 milloin years. List of families and genera of pteridophytes in india.
The fossil record of ferns and fern allies in australia. This gametophyte is really small and produced the gametes for the later fertilizaion to build the sporophyte. Many pteridophytes supplement their sexual cycles with various forms of vegetative reproduction yatskievych 2003. Systematic revision of pteris and ecology of ferns in. The pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants. Like reptiles first true land animals that evolved. Algae, fungi, bryophyta and pteridophyta name author. Sumita, assistant professor, department of botany, pggc11, chandigarh. Click on each group or family below for the pdf file. Ebook an introduction to pteridophyta as pdf download. Some other uses are ferns provide natural vegetation thats important to both wildlife and birds.
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